[taxfoundation.org]

Note that this is data from 2013. Gas taxes have since risen almost everywhere.
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The U.S. combined gas tax rate is actually a lot lower than rates in other industrialized countries. According to data from the OECD, the average gas tax rate among the 34 advanced economies is $2.62 per gallon. In fact, the U.S.'s gas tax is the second lowest (Mexico is the only country without a gas tax) and has a rate less than half of that of the next highest country, Canada, which has a rate of $1.25 per gallon.

On top of excise taxes, all OECD countries levy their value added tax (VAT) on gasoline consumption. In the United States, only a few states (Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan) levy an additional sales tax on gasoline purchases. This means that the difference between taxes paid on gasoline in the United States and other OECD countries is even larger than the data on just excise taxes implies.

Without data on what the gas tax revenue is used for across the OECD, it's hard to make a direct comparison between the U.S. and other countries. For instance, Turkey, which has the highest gasoline excise tax in the OECD ($4.32 a gallon), may only use a small fraction of the revenue for roads. The rest may be used for other government spending. If this is the case, their gas tax doesn't conform to the benefit principle as strictly as it does in the United States. In other words, their gas tax is high not because they spend more on roads, but because they chose to tax gas more.

OECD Gas Excise Tax Rates (Per Gallon), 2013

Country - Tax Per Gallon

Australia - $1.40
Austria - $2.46
Belgium - $3.10
Canada - $1.25
Chile - $1.93
Czech Republic - $2.50
Denmark - $2.95
Estonia - $2.12
Finland - $3.26
France - $3.07
Germany - $3.29
Greece - $3.37
Hungary - $2.08
Iceland - $1.97
Ireland - $2.95
Israel - $4.20
Italy - $3.67
Japan - $2.16
Korea - $2.69
Luxembourg - $2.31
Mexico - $0.00
Netherlands - $3.79
New Zealand - $2.01
Norway - $3.67
Poland - $2.01
Portugal - $2.95
Slovakia - $2.57
Slovenia - $2.76
Spain - $2.35
Sweden - $3.10
Switzerland - $2.99
Turkey - $4.32
United Kingdom - $3.44
United States - $0.53 - This is combined federal and average state tax
Average OECD - $2.62
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Or to put it in other words, Americans are wimps. They won't even pay for the cost of the roads with user taxes. As others have pointed out here, this especially applies to trucks. Why? The wear to a semi-flexible pavement (a fancy term for asphalt) increases at the 4.2 power of the axle weight. So a heavy truck does thousands of times as much damage as a car.

Another interesting statistic: In the last five years the number of pedestrian involved accidents has increased 10%. Texting while walking? But the number of pedestrian deaths in the US has increased 60%. Mainly because of the increase in the number of SUVs and pickups. They don't hit you in the legs and throw you up on the hood. They hit you in the trunk, throw you forward and run you over. This increase in the death rate has not been seen in Europe where SUVs are not common.