Thanks for gathering that information.

FWIW, the VAT on gas in the EU is around 20% of the total (in other words, tax on tax too).

Depending on the country, between half and three quarters of that tax goes to road infrastructure/maintenance funds; some also support transit projects. The rest goes to the general coffers, as the VAT.

Local streets are only partly funded from those infrastructure funds, the rest comes from general local taxes.

About trucks: There are countries which actually have usage fees for trucks. Switzerland, for example, has the LSVA (Leistungsabhängige SchwerVerkehrsAbgabe). This is a system where trucks pay for road usage, depending on their load (well, empty or not empty). The information is gathered via an On Board Unit, where the driver has to set the status (empty, loaded, trailer, etc.). This unit records the kilometers driven. At regular intervals, the data is extracted, and the usage fee is calculated. The unit has a well visible display, allowing quick checks. If there are doubts about the selected mode, the police can check, and if there is a mismatch, fines may be substantial. The system works reasonably well, and with that, trucks get closer to pay honest usage fees (they are still subsidized, however).

Systems do exist, and a transfer to usage fees will become necessary sooner or later.