"By 2022, the emissions associated with producing and combusting corn ethanol will be, on average, 44.3% lower than the emissions associated with producing and combusting gasoline."

"We use the ‘displacement method’ to assess the co-product credit. In this approach, all energy and emissions associated with separating solids from the ethanol stream, drying the solids, and transporting the finished feeds to the point of final sale are allocated to the ethanol pathway. The pathway then receives a credit equal to the emissions that would have occurred if the displaced feed grain had been produced."

"Our analysis indicates the current GHG profile of US corn ethanol is, on average, 39% lower than that of gasoline. For natural gas-powered refineries, this value is almost 43% lower. Finally, current trends in the ethanol industry and actions refineries could take to reduce emissions offer opportunities to lower the GHG profile of corn ethanol to between 47.0 and 70.0% relative to gasoline." [www.tandfonline.com]