> Is Siemens the only company that's currently able to deliver FRA-compliant (using crash energy management) passenger equipment meeting Buy American requirements?

As usual, people have the compressive strength required of all passenger cars confused with the crash management requirement required of only cab cars. These are two separate things. Several years ago, Nippon-Sharyo's bi-level cab car failed the crash management test, so N-S decided to exit the passenger car building business altogether. The result has been that while the cab cars are no longer "legal" to build, the mid-train bi-levels cars are. However, no new mid-train cars are being ordered because there can be no new cab cars to go with them.