Remember the post:
"Whatizit on the UP" <-- link
Well I just happened to be traveling right past where you took that photo at Juniper and stopped there this afternoon and took a look at the said item. For your information it doesn't look like an antenna as the part between the mount and the tip contains a windscreen...something like what you would find on a screen door. There was a label on the side of the base but at the time I was there it was too dark to make any text out, sorry.
The cable below that feeds it has three distinct 'cables' in the protective mesh.
Could this be some sort of microphone that would aid in train direction detection and track occupancy, supplemental to PTC? It looks as if it is an environmental device rather than a electromagnetic one. And you were right, there were a lot of them on nearly every signal box I saw.
-SAL