To a very limited extent, and accepting a niche world view, "professional knowledge and experience" can be associated at least in (perhaps small) part with the first 3 on your list. The 4th, though is pure politics.

"Professionals" originally designed a perfectly functional east-span replacement that would have cost around $2B. But it would have been perfectly functional (like the San Mateo or Dumbarton or Benecia Bridges) not an engineering and architectural monument. The Mayors Brown decreed that that could not be, requiring something that was on the edge of engineering feasibility. Which we got, costing several times what the plain bridge would have, and will continue paying for forever due to the maintenance and repair requirements. Don't blame this one on the "professionals" as the fundamental decisions had nothing to do with them.