"Environmental Justice" is a term of the planning art that addresses things like following existing railroad and freeway alignments (where much of the adjacent land, for historical reasons, is in deteriorated industrial or other low-value land uses, minimizing right of way cost). In its crudest form, "justice" would be served best if the new Locally Undesirable Land Use (LULU), at considerable cost, went through rich neighborhoods and destroyed them, without somehow rendering the formerly undesirable areas desirable and forcing out their residents. Basically, it's a "can't win" scenario, but mitigation is possible to some degree.

In the 1950s and 60s, freeways were often deliberately located in low-income areas as urban renewal measures. Forced out the poor people in hopes that the access provided by the freeways would encourage new high-value development. Didn't always work out that way, and the freeways themselves became LULUs just like the railroads and surrounding slums were before them. Studies have been done showing that land adjacent to a freeway is somewhat depressed in value compared to similar properties in a region, while land away from the direct impacts of the freeway, but with easy access to the interchanges, is somewhat higher in value that in the region generally. That's for properties that are not directly freeway-oriented (commercial) development - FOD (those of you with aviation experience will recognize another meaning for that acronym).