OPB,
Well written.
I am for one surprised that even that this curve was immediately off a high speed portion of the line, that the super elevation of the curve isn't more than what it is. IF something like this did happen (and unfortunately it did [either due to negligence or equipment failure]) there would be a better chance of getting through the curve and the one following it. I see that yes, the lead locomotive looks as if it would have made it round the curve, but was pulled askew by the attached coaches that were in the process of derailing. Sure, there may be a little tilting going on if the trains pass through there at only 80km/h but it would be an added safety buffer to be able to get through a tight radius curve rather than throwing the train off the tracks. I am NOT suggesting that the track speed be increased, just a little more super elevating may have prevented this disaster.
The video at:
Ourense_Entrada de Santiago_S-121 (see at 31:30)
Side note: Prior to submitting this post...the above video did not play, but it played yesterday. Either YouTube is having issues....or some entity is stopping the video from being broadcast. It is just a in cab view pointing ahead of the train. 31:30 is the last tunnel prior to the curve.