It appears that the train was under manual control by the engineer from about 4 kilometres before the location of the accident:
[
ccaa.elpais.com]
Even with very rusty Spanish I am reading ASFA starts at km.80; the accident happened at km83.4; the Santiago de Compostela station is at km87; and ASFA automatic braking does not cut in until 200km/hr.
The very high level of damage to the cars ought to cause a lot of concern. If this derailment had occurred on open at grade ROW, on an aerial, or if there had been a static obstacle in the way I think the damage would have been worse, maybe much worse.